The majority of species occur on oak trees (Quercus sp.). In an effort to simplify the identification of woolly looking oak galls in Texas, I pulled this info from BugGuide. Jumping Oak Gall. California Oak Galls Wasps in the family Cynipidae are gall inducers on plants, or inquilines of gall inducers (living inside the galls made by other cynipids). Inside the gall, there are a number of chambers, each housing a larva which eats its way out. Galls affecting twigs, such as the gouty oak gall and horned oak gall, can be more serious. Symptoms and Diagnosis One of the most well-known is the common oak gall wasp (Cynips quercusfolii), which induces characteristic, 2-cm in diameter, spherical galls on the undersides of oak leaves. According to Bugguide, the on-line pamphlet, "Cynipid galls of the Southwest" by Lewis Hart Weld is the best source of info about SW galls, especially desert galls. Gall Production ... Oak Apple Galls. Typically associated with conifers and pines, firs, or incense cedars. Some galls form where insects or mites feed or lay eggs. Galls range in size from 1 mm to 6 cm or more and come in many shapes and colors, as depicted on this page. We have illustrated 12 of the most curious and colourful galls to look for. These growths typically emerge at bud break in the early spring. Identification and Control . Adults emerge in June and July. Caused by the aphid Adelges abietis. Texas Woolly Oak Galls. Several small larvae may be found inside the swollen folds of the leaf. Gall Production Gall: An abnormal plant growth caused by the action of insects or other organisms. Charley Eiseman advises that galls on Texas oaks are largely understudied. A related midge species causes the marginal folds or leaf pockets that can be found on red oak or pin oak. Infection of oak causes small brown or yellowing areas on the leaves. Iron-gall Ink A permanent ink derived from oak galls. Gall Insect Management Found on the twigs of spruce trees, often Norway spruce. Inside of each gall is an individual larva feeding. Pine-Oak Gall Rust (Eastern Gall Rust): The fungus Cronartium quercuum causes gall rust on approximately 25 to 30 species of pine and oak. They may also develop as a response to infections by several kinds of fungi, bacteria, and viruses. Oak apple or oak gall is the common name for a large, round, vaguely apple-like gall commonly found on many species of oak.Oak apples range in size from 2 to 4 centimetres (1 to 2 in) in diameter and are caused by chemicals injected by the larva of certain kinds of gall wasp in the family Cynipidae. Diplolepis rosae, rose bedeguar gall. There are a number of common oak species in California including both tree species and shrub species. The data for the Texas observations on BugGuide is VERY limited. These galls can be found between May and June where the female has laid her eggs in the leaf bud. Galls are abnormal growths caused when another organism interferes with a plant’s cells. It was self-published in 1960 and has black-and-white photos. Oak bullet gall are often found on bur and swamp white oaks where they can cause girdling and twig loss as well as attract numerous stinging insects. Caused by a small wasp, they typically appear on the leaves of valley oak and California white oak. The adult female wasp lays single eggs in developing leaf buds. The galls start small and green, become larger and red by midsummer, and finally brown knuckle-sized "bullets" by summer's end. It's just a first draft, so comments and suggestions are very welcome! On the underside of the leaves, yellow to orange powder (spores) is visible. Most species of gall wasps live as gall-formers on oaks. The oak apple gall wasp, Biorhiza pallida, is a tiny wasp that causes growths, or 'galls', on oak twigs. Identify oak galls on your trees. Galls affecting leaves are seldom if ever a serious problem. 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