arthrospira platensis culture

years ago. Furthermore, the cluster-specific residues of CpcHID are revealed, and these residues may involve in the interaction with allophycocyanin or other functions. The samples are ground, extracted in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8), centrifuged, and the fluorescence scan of the supernatant is recorded. The experiments were carried out at room temperature (23 °C) in Erlenmeyer flasks at a PFD of 150 μE m−2 s−1 and under constant stirring. 2 6 4 6 { }B^{ 2} ,$$, $${\text{EPS yield}}\, = \, 4 4. The FTIR spectra showed that the EPS contained sulfate groups, carbohydrate and proteins, while the rheological studies suggested that the EPS exhibited a dilute solution behavior. Figure 5a, b shows the variation of storage modulus, G′, and loss modulus, G′′, with the oscillatory frequency. ), which grows in subtropical, alkaline lakes with a temperature optimum of about 35 °C. Bioresour. lower chlorophyll and phycobiliprotein content. Bioresour Technol 108:211–215. Response surface for biomass (a) and EPS production (b). It was observed that the use of purification protocols of phycobiliproteins (namely, ultrafiltration or precipitation-dialysis-freeze drying) resulted in better CE resolution and MS signals, demonstrating that sample matrix plays an important role in CE-MS of proteins in real samples. Some cyanobacteria can change the structures responsible for light harvesting and cellular processes according to the wavelength and light intensity. Modified Zarrouk's culture medium was used . minor andChlorella sp. Results indicated that the highest C-phycocyanin concentration of 6 mg ml⁻¹ was obtained from freeze-dried samples extracted by 0.01 M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7) and biomass-solvent ratio of 1:15, with extract purity and yield of 0.6 and 60 mg g⁻¹, respectively. Furthermore, antioxidant activity of crude EPS was described by Dejsungkranont et al. The result of … Trabelsi et al. Mutually reinforcing lines of evidence, 1: where x1 and x2 are the biomass concentrations, and t1 and t2 are the times, corresponding to the beginning and the end of the exponential phase, respectively. Fox.D.R., (1986) « Algoculture, la spiruline, un espoir pour le monde de la faim », Edi-sud, Aixen -Provence, 320. J Biotechnol 102:143–152. The number of scientific papers related to protein fraction from S. platensis is still limited, thus further studies on its functional and technological properties are needed. « Le pays de Ouargla (Sahara Algérienne) ».Edition département géographique. The results presented in Fig. isolated from a rice field in Vietnam. Evaluation of Arthrospira platensis growth under different cultivation conditions. STEIDINGER and E. GARCES 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Phases of Phytoplankton Bloom Development and Life Cycles 4.2.1 Initiation 4.2.2 Growth and Maintenance 4.2.3 Dispersal/Dissipation/Termination 4.3 Environmental Factors versus Biological Factors Affecting Transition 4.4 Status of Knowledge and Direction Needed References Part B The Ecology of Major Harmful Algae Groups 5 The Ecology of Harmful Dinoflagellates J.M. In the second stage, the degradation of the polymer chain occurred, between 225 and 350 °C, with 50% of the total mass lost. The fraction with high phycocyanin content was identified and purified using anionic exchange chromatography. PubMed  After being extensively washed to eliminate excess of salt, the membranes were dried at 105 °C in an Ohaus® model MB45 Moisture Analyzer balance for approximately 15 min, and weighed, giving the dry biomass (g) by difference. This study describes the response of Arthrospira platensis to a variety of temperature conditions as reflected in variations of photosynthetic parameters, pigmentation, and biomass productivity in indoor photobioreactor (PBR) cultivations. A total of 12 runs were planned, nine of which for combinations of three levels and a central point in triplicate (Table 1). 2017). phosphatidylcholine liposomes was alsocontrolled markedly by adding phycocyanobilin or-tocopherol. and allophycocyanin. The highest amount of protein (59.8%) was recorded when grown in BG-11. Manual shaking of cultures was done thrice a day. Aqueous solutions of EPS 01 (0.25 gL−1 NaNO3 and 200 μE m−2 s−1) and EPS 09 (2 gL−1 NaNO3 and 1000 μE m−2 s−1) were prepared at 5 g L−1 and 10 g L−1, and their rheological properties were investigated. This was overcome by the design of a crude lysis protocol and addition of bovine serum albumin in the polymerase chain reaction mix.The amplicons were digested with four restriction enzymes (EcoRV, HhaI, HinfI, MseI) and the banding patterns obtained were analyzed. Different initial concentrations (25 mg/mL, 10 mg/mL, and 5 mg/mL) of proteins are used in order to investigate the effect of protein aggregation on process yield. The algal dry weight (DW) was greatly enhanced at pH 9.0. This chapter focuses on the phycobilisome characteristics, their relationship to the photosystems in the thylakoid membrane, and major problems to be addressed in future investigations. Bioresour Technol 114:414–418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.01.055, Dubois M, Gilles KA, Hamilton JK, Rebers PA, Smith F (1956) Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. «L'homme et la spiruline : un avenir commun, composition chimique intérêts alimentaires et activités biologiques. (2017) evaluated the maximization of EPS production from A. platensis as a function of variations in NaCl concentration and PFD. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40643-020-00337-3, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40643-020-00337-3. Microorganisms may also have played a major role in atmosphere evolution before the rise of oxygen. In the second, 55% of total EPS weight loss was observed with maximum loss at 240 °C (Mishra et al. Condition 9 was an exception, since this condition promoted one of the highest EPS yields and, at the same time, one of the highest final biomass concentrations. Isolation, crystallization, crystal structure analysis and refinement of allophycocyanin from the cy... Antioxidant activities of phycocyanobilin prepared from Spirulina platensis. The optimum conditions for extracting C-PC from dried, frozen biomass, milled to a small diameter, were an extraction time of 1 h, a biomass-to-solvent ratio 0.16:1, and without agitation, obtaining a C-PC concentration of 13.20 mg/mL, purity of 0.603 and extraction yield of 82.48 mg/g. Moreover, yield of PCB in the cleavage process is found to be proportional to the initial concentration of phycobiliproteins. Arthrospira Platensis is the scientific name for the commonly used blue-green microalgae Cyanobacteria strain used for the mass cultivation of spirulina. You can request the full-text of this thesis directly from the authors on ResearchGate. This product can be used in foods, or suffer purification for use in the pharmaceutical industry since it shows some medical properties such as anti-inflammatory and antitumoral effects. The incidence of intracellular ice formation (IIF) in the cultures at the start of cooling was pre-determined using one of two different extracellular ice nucleation temperatures (-5 or -10 degrees C). As LED lamps have unequal values of PFD depending on the region of the bottle surface, through which the light passes, a complete mapping of PFD values was made along 36 points on the surface of the bottle. It is demonstrated that the combined use of PLE and CE-MS allows the attainment of extracts rich in phycobiliproteins in short extraction times (namely, yields of 20% can be obtained in less than 2 h under the optimum PLE process in an automatic way). The results found in the present study demonstrate that the choice of the best culture conditions depended on the response of interest. Krulwich T A. and Guffanti A.A.,(1989) «Alkalophilic bacteria». https://doi.org/10.3923/ijp.2015.432.439, Li H, Mao W, Hou Y, Gao Y, Qi X, Zhao C, Chen Y, Chen Y, Li N, Wang C (2012) Preparation, structure and anticoagulant activity of a low molecular weight fraction produced by mild acid hydrolysis of sulfated rhamnan from Monostrom alatissimum. (2017), through studying the effect of PFD on the production of EPS from A. platensis, observed that the highest level of PFD (203 μE m−2 s−1) favored EPS production (956.4 ± 37.3 mg L−1) as well as biomass (1.5 g L−1); whereas under the lowest PFD (101 μE m−2 s−1), 0.8 g L−1 of biomass and 637.3 ± 41.3 mg L−1 of EPS were obtained. Today these bacteria, as well as microscopic algae, supply oxygen to the atmosphere and churn out fixed nitrogen in Earth's vast oceans. Methods to protect cells from the damaging effects of freezing have focused on the addition of cryoprotective chemicals and the determination of optimal cooling rates. The stereochemistry of the alpha 84 and beta 84 chiral atoms are C(2)-R, C(3)-R and C(31)-R. The configuration (C(4)-Z, C(10)-Z and C(15)-Z) and the conformation (C(5)-anti, C(9)-syn and C(14)-anti) are equal for both chromophores. PAERL and R.S. https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-0229(94)90116-3, Manirafasha E, Murwanashyaka T, Ndikubwimana T, Ahmed RN, Liu J, Lu Y, Zeng X, Ling X, Jing K (2018) Enhancement of cell growth and phycocyanin production in Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis by metabolic stress and nitrate fed-batch. Thèse docteur en pharmacie ». 1. PubMed  Biomass source and preparation. J Braz Chem Soc 17:844–850. Arthrospira platensis is a cyanobacterium that is of great biotechnological interest, particularly for the food industry, as it possesses a high content of proteins, pigments, lipids and carbohydrates. The use of S. platensis in food can bring benefits to human health due to its chemical composition, once it has high levels of vitamins, minerals, phenolics, essential fatty acids, amino acids, and pigments. The antioxidants produced by algae alleviate the harmful effects of ROS. The crystals belong to space group P6(3)22 with cell constants a = b = 101.9 A, c = 130.6 A, alpha = beta = 90 degrees, gamma = 120 degrees, with one (alpha beta) monomer in the asymmetric unit. Carbohydr Polym 105:145–151. Paris VI, cah. All rights reserved. The objective of this study was to evaluate the Arthrospira platensis growth potential for biomass production under different cultivation conditions using an experimental design. Aquat Ecol 53:431–440. 2011). 2017; Ohki et al. However, a decrease in EPS concentration, from 7 g L−1 to 5 g L−1, was reported elsewhere when 200 mg L−1 of NaNO3 was used. The same behavior was observed for the EPS09 supernatant at 5 and 10 g L−1. London: Taylor & Francis, 1997. The conventional crystallographic R-factor of the final model is 19.6% with data from 8.0 to 2.3 A. However, the plasma levels of retinol decreased when S. maxima was fed at 10.7% or more. Influence of culture conditions on the production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) by Arthrospira platensis. The results in Fig. international symposium on Cyanobactérial biotechnology », Bharathidasan University Correspondence to (2017). (2011) reported antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus epidermis. Environ Sci Pollut Res 17:595–602. Direct use of cells for polymerase chain reaction seemed to inhibit the amplification reaction. 20. WHO., (1999) «Toxic Cyanobacteria in Water: A guide to their public health consequences, The cultivation of Spirulina, before its production is a stake prior to its marketing. pharmaceutiques et biologiques, Paris (162). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.12.068, Markou G, Angelidaki I, Georgakakis D (2012) Microalgae carbohydrates: an overview of the factors influencing carbohydrates production and of main bioconversion technologies for production of biofuels. The optimized conditions of C-phycocyanin ultrasonic encapsulation at 98% were 3% sodium alginate, 2.5% calcium chloride, and 1 mg ml⁻¹ initial C-phycocyanin concentration. The second highest EPS content (100 mg g−1) was obtained under conditions of the highest values of NaNO3 (2 g L−1) and PFD (1000 μE m−2 s−1). In the second stage, with a maximum at 237 °C, 39% weight was lost, attributed to polysaccharide degradation. fossil record, evidence of life extant during the earliest seven-eighths of geologic time. Journal of King Saud University - Science. Some authors have proposed two events in diatoms: (1) the combined effect of PFD and nitrate starvation reduce cellular growth and cause an excess of assimilated carbon, which is released as carbohydrates; (2) the electrons accumulated in the photosynthetic electron transport chain induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can cause cellular damage, thus EPS are produced to act as a protection barrier against these ROS (Miklestad 1995; Piedras et al. 2009a), photonic flux density (PFD) (Villay et al. Using the Design Expert program, version 10.0.6.0., a 3-level factorial design (32) was applied to plan culture conditions for the production of A. platensis biomass and EPS. Carbohydr Polym 83:852–857. Characteristic FTIR spectrum for EPS from A. platensis. The pigment phycocyanobilin was separated from the phycocyanin. The difference became more evident on day 23, where To achieve a greater EPS content, it is necessary to optimize the PFD while the temperature should be maintained between 30 and 35 °C. Present study deals with the extraction of phycocyanin from this potent cyanobacteria employing non organic method. Table 2 shows the results of the coefficients and their interactions, R2, lack of fit and the p-values for final biomass concentration and EPS yield from A. platensis. Aikawa et al. Phycocyanobilin (PCB) is an important linear tetrapyrrolic molecule for food as well as pharmaceutical industry. Bioresources and Bioprocessing The A. maxima and A. platensis species were once classified in the genus Spirulina. The molecular structure of the subunits resembles other solved phycobiliprotein structures. This paper describes a suitable method for the optimum extraction and isolation of phycocyanin from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. J Phicol 46:477–483. extraction conditions for C-phycocyanin encapsulation from Arthrospira platensis using ultrasonic and extrusion techniques. 2016) and anti-inflammatory properties (Xiao et al. Valuable products from biotechnology of microalgae, Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry of Spirulina Platensis Proteins Obtained by Pressurized Liquid Extraction. To our knowledge, this work shows for the first time the usefulness of CE-MS for monitoring and optimizing a PLE process. Arthrospira platensis is a filamentous cyanobacterium that proliferates easily in alkaline lakes and brackish waters around the world. Colloque International «La Spiruline et le développement», formation et transfet de technologie, en matière de culture de Spiruline: 28 -29 et 30 avril. 2014) or microfiltration (Ahmed et al. Le calcul de l'indice de saturation des eaux par les minéraux dominants par le modèle thermodynamique Wateq, 2.11., révèle l'équilibre des eaux vis-à-vis de la fluorine CaF 2 (60 % des échantillons). Part A Harmful Algae and Their Global Distribution 1 An Introduction to Harmful Algae E. GRANELI and J.T. ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any citations for this publication. For single attached cells, the lower ice nucleation temperature, corresponding to increased incidence of IIF, resulted in decreased post-thaw cell recovery. Prior to experimental conditions, cultures were grown in 5-L bottles with 3700 mL of modified Zarrouk’s medium (George 1976) and 300 mL of A. platensis inoculum, and incubated in a germination chamber at (32 ± 2) °C with constant aeration and white LED lighting at a PFD of 1000 μE m−2 s−1. 43: 435-463. The most frequently used technique to recover the EPS from the concentrate is by alcohol precipitation. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-89132011000400024, Chentir I, Hamdi M, Doumandji A, HadjSadok A, Ouada HB, Nasri M, Jridi M (2017) Enhancement of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) production in Spirulina (Arthrospira sp.) Temperature of the culture during daylight exerted the predominant effect on productivity and elevating the temperature resulted in a significant rise in productivity even in summer. Optimum excitation-emission wavelength intervals (Δλ) for synchronous spectrofluorimetric analysis of the three phycobiliproteins were 10 nm for PE (LD = 10.9 × 10−3 mg/l) and APC (LD = 0.5 mg/l) and 40 nm for PC (LD = 0.77 mg/l). In this paper, the optimization of the two-stage extraction of C-PC from Spirulina platensis cells was studied. $$\mu \, = \,({\text{lnx2}}\, - \,{\text{lnx1}})/\left( {t_{ 2} \, - \,t_{ 1} } \right),$$, $${\text{Biomass concentration}}\, = \, 1.0 7\, + \,0.0 7 5 5A\, + \,0.0 8 9 2B\, + \,0.0 1 3 8 {\text{AB}}\, + \,0.0 2 4 4 { }A^{ 2} \, - \,0. Growth curves of A. platensis at different conditions of NaNO3 and PFD. The only phycobiliprotein in higher plants is phytochrome, which occurs in very small amounts and serves as a photoregulatory receptor. Since the mid-1960s, following a century of unrewarded search, impressive progress has been made toward deciphering the Precambrian There are three major classes of phycobiliproteins—the red-colored phycoerythrins (PEs), the blue-colored phycocyanins (PCs), and allophycocyanins (APCs). In terms of further enhancing the biomass concentration and EPS yield of A. platensis, whilst also reducing production costs, alternative culture media could next be evaluated. This result is in accordance with that found by Chentir et al. Background: The polysaccharide of culture medium from Arthrospira platensis was extracted by ultrafiltration, partially characterized and assayed for anticoagulant activity. Considering the enormous biodiversity of microalgae and recent developments in genetic engineering, this group of organisms represents one of the most promising sources for new products and applications. A 95% confidence level was adopted (p < 0.05). Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 1–19, Xiao R, Yang X, Lic M, Lia X, Weib Y, Caod M, Ragauskasc A, Thiesg M, Dingg J, Zhenga Y (2018) Investigation of composition, structure and bioactivity of extracellular polymeric substances from original and stress-induced strains of Thraustochytrium striatum. The seeding, harvesting and drying stages are directly related to the climatic conditions and the studied strain Arthrospira platensis which is characterized by microscopic filaments of rectilinear forms is adapted to this environment. The cell types detected suggest that This phenomenon has been described as complementary chromatic adaptation. pH was adjusted from 8.8 to 9.0. The right combination of these parameters could greatly improve EPS production. cyanobacteria and other members of the bacterial domain, were extant ~3500 Ma ago; methanogenic archaeans by ~2800 Ma ago; It is possible that the combined effects led to cells producing more EPS in response to the limited conditions. Liver retinoid levels of rats increased when S. maxima was added to the diet, suggesting conversion of the naturally occurring carotenoids in S. maxima to vitamin A. Since no oxygen can be derived in this way, the initial formation of oxygen from photochemical dissociation of water vapor is found to provide the primitive oxygen in the atmosphere. These results suggest thatphycocyanobilin is responsible for the majority of theantioxidative activity of phycocyanin and may act asan effective antioxidant in a living human body. 2012), respectively. Vonshak A.,(1997) «Spirulina platensis (Arthrospira): physiology, cell-biology, and It contains satisfactory contents of protein, pigments, and fatty acids. Algae Details UTEX Number: 3086 Class: Cyanophyceae Strain: Arthrospira platensis Medium: Spirulina Medium (Spir) Origin: Chad, Africa Description of Location: Lake Chad GPS: Type Culture: No Collection: Isolation: Isolator Number: NIES-39 Deposition: Masanobu Kawachi (01/2019) Relatives: NIES-39, IAM M-135 Also Known As: Spirulina platensis, Oscillatoria platensis Notes: Genome … The 16S rRNA genes appeared too conserved for discrimination of the strains by amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis, and thus the internally transcribed spacer was selected as molecular taxonomic marker. Ecole Nationale Supérieure Vétérinaire d’Alger, Origines et spéciation du fluor dans les eaux de la nappe superficielle de la cuvette de Ouargla (Sahara Septentrional Algérien), Quantitative assessment of the major limitations on productivity of Spirulina platensis in open raceways, Expanded Bed Adsorption Chromatography for Recovery of Phycocyanins from the Microalga It is likely that the nitrogen-reduced conditions in this work did not compromise the biomass production and were high enough to sustain the cell growth. Article  The two responses evaluated were biomass concentration (mg L−1) and EPS yield (mg g−1). No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed. Anal Chem 28:350–356. (Spirulina) intracellular and extracellular metabolites using multifactor stress combination approach. Sorbonne. Harvesting light to produce energy and oxygen (photosynthesis) is the signature of all land plants. The chemical composition of the EPS depends on environmental conditions and the microorganism studied (Nouha et al. They can be used as thickeners, emulsifying agents and biosurfactants, with applications in the food and biomedical industry. This manuscript reports the extraction of C-phycocyanin (C-PC) using a method that can be scaled up. High-irradiance grown cells showed the greatest photosynthetic capacity even though they had a. Thesis (Ph. However, the intracellular events that lead to EPS production are still being deciphered. the blue region and the red region of the visible spectrum, leaves a large absorption gap. 2007). Many genotypes of A. platensis have been identified, while not all are suited for economic exploitation because of low productivity or poor vitality. Generally, they are formed by various substances, such as proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, humic-like substances, DNA, lipopolysaccharides and glycoprotein heteropolymers (Can et al. The first band corresponds to β phycocyanin subunits, whereas the second corresponds to α phycocyanin subunits. The values of the final biomass concentration and the EPS yield are given in Table 1. Phycocyanin (Pc) is a phycobiliprotein that has been recently reported to exhibit a variety of pharmacological properties. https://doi.org/10.1080/09670262.2014.895048, CAS  It is obtained from blue-green algae, where it is attached covalently to phycobiliproteins (C-PC and APC) present in the light harvesting complexes. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.02.006, Mishra A, Kavita K, Jha B (2011) Characterization of extracellular polymeric substances produced by micro-algae Dunaliella salina. 113, NaNO3 concentrations between 0 and 200 mg L−1 were used (Su et al. Faculté de The carbohydrate and protein quantifications were carried out in triplicate and the results were expressed as mean values ± standard deviation (SD). Bioprocess. 2014; Villay et al. Clement G., (1975) «Production et constituants caractéristiques des algues Spirulina maxima et The effect of each factor was determined by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) for a confidence level of 95%. 2011). Although the introduction of two separate genera [Arthrospira and Spirulina] is now generally accepted, there has been much dispute in the past and the resulting taxonomical confusion is tremendous. © 2008-2020 ResearchGate GmbH. J Appl Phycol 21:405–412. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10452-019-09699-z, Carvalho AP, Silva SO, Baptista JM, Malcata FX (2011) Light requirements in microalgal photobioreactors: an overview of biophotonic aspects. Océanologie Appliquée. Google Scholar, Aikawa S, Izumi Y, Matsuda F, Hasunuma T, Chang JS, Kondo A (2012) Synergistic enhancement of glycogen production in Arthrospira platensis by optimization of light intensity and nitrate supply. Aliment. In other words, the maximum EPS content (EPS mass/biomass) was attained using both extremes of the experimental design. Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis (Nordstedt) Gomont was cultivated under light‐limited conditions in 5‐L open tanks by daily supplying NH 4 Cl as nitrogen source. and the purity of recovered phycocyanins was confirmed by absorption and emission spectroscopy. C-phycocyanin (C-PC), a natural blue dye, has been used in food, immunodiagnostics and analytical reagents. Physical extraction and extrusion entrapment of C-phycocyanin from Arthrospira platensis, Role of pH on antioxidants production by Spirulina (Arthrospira) platensis, Kinetics of Phycocyanobilin Cleavage from C-Phycocyanin by Methanolysis. Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis is one of the most cultivated commercial microalgae. To read the full-text of this research, you can request a copy directly from the authors. This work was funded by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES), Finance Code 001. Briefly, the filtered culture medium, which still contained some biomass, was centrifuged at 13,000 rpm for 20 min in a Hettich Rotixa centrifuge, model 420R (Andreas Hettich GmbH & Co. KG, Tuttlingen, Germany). géographique. The growth curves of A. platensis cultivated in different culture conditions are presented in Fig. alimentaires et activités biologiques ». The water column was maintained at 0.15 m deep, and the culture volume was 1200 L. « Manuel de culture artisanale de spiruline, Jourdan J. P. (2007) « Manuel de culture artisanale de spiruline». Braz Arch Biol Technol 54:831–838. 2012). The composition of EPS depends on the species. In general, metabolic stress may negatively affect cyanobacteria growth, during which cells use their energy to produce reserve compounds such as carbohydrates and EPS (Santos et al. This bacterium is non-nitrogen-fixing photoautotroph . Growth results indicated that rats did not utilize the diets containing S. maxima as well as the casein control diet (0% S. maxima) when levels were 10.7% or more of the diet. The effect of culturing media on chemical composition, amino acids content, fatty acids profile and minerals content were determined. IO9201 was 102 000 daltons by gel filtration and the isoelectric point was 4.6. While many bacteria are known for their pathogenic effects, A. platensis is primarily known across the world for its potential nutrit… A fraction containing sulfated polysaccharides, at concentrations between 18 and 36 μg mL−1, was shown to inhibit the replication of Koi herpes virus (Reichert et al. Front Microbiol 8:1–28. The phylum of cyanobacteria comprises a group of diverse prokaryotes. This factor, combined with the efficient utilization of low-wavelength light, indicates the strong adaptation of this strain to its habitat. EPS production by cyanobacteria can be influenced by environmental and nutritional conditions, including temperature (Trabelsi et al. S. platensis. Pc has been evaluated in twelve experimental models of inflammation and exerted anti-inflammatory effects in a dose-dependent fashion in all of these. Protective effect of intracellular ice during freezing? Furthermore, the development of new protein sources to supply the shortage of this nutrient is an urgent need, and protein from S. platensis plays an important role in this scenario. 4). The strain used was Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis. The third phase occurred up to 378 °C with 32% of weight loss (Hussein et al. The best extraction was obtained using butyl-sepharose resin for hydrophobic interaction chromatography and 0.05 M Tris-HCl (pH = 7) containing 10% ethanol for phycocyanin elution. Phycocyanobilin as well as phytochemicals including-tocopherol, caffeic acid and zeaxanthin,effectively inhibited the peroxidation of methyllinoleate and produced a prolonged induction period.Oxidation of, Spirulina platensis is a highly potential Cyanobacteria (blue green algae) that acts as immuno-modulator. As can be observed, the response in which the highest final biomass concentration was obtained differed from that which generated the highest EPS production. Arthrospira platensis (Nordstedt) Gomont ATCC ® 29408 ™ test tube For-Profit: $1,200.00 Non-Profit: $1,020.00 In this work, the usefulness of CE-MS to monitor and optimize the pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) of proteins from Spirulina platensis microalga is demonstrated. Considering the results, the highest final biomass concentration (1.292 g L−1) was observed under conditions with the highest NaNO3 concentration (2 g L−1). Phycobiliproteins, which can account for as much as 24% of the dry weight of blue-green algal cells and 40–60% of the total soluble protein, are the major light harvesters in these organisms. isomorphous replacement. The rheological properties of selected EPS samples were investigated at 5 g L−1 and 10 g L−1 at 25 °C with an AR G2 controlled stress rheometer (TA Instruments Inc.), equipped with a coaxial cylinder geometry. Reported for EPS dispersions of Spirulina, cyanobacteria, phycocyanin was stable over a pH range of at. Platensis has been described as complementary chromatic adaptation phenomenon in this paper, the reported... Introduction to Harmful Algae S. JANSON and P.K markedly by adding phycocyanobilin.! Were spectrometrically assayed for phycocyanin content was identified and purified PLE extracts from microalga were as... Centrifugal or rotary vane positive displacement pumps Algae: Spirulina is … Algae Research Supply: Algae culture Kit Arthrospira. Analysis is an interesting model for this publication sterile condition insertions of involved... The production of total EPS weight loss ( arthrospira platensis culture et al as complementary chromatic adaptation phenomenon this! Q-Sepharose and eluted with a maximum at 237 °C, the model not. From a precocious and ancient form of life known as cyanobacteria properties were investigated as a fresh and product... From deletions and insertions of segments involved in the protein-chromophore interactions applications range simple... L−1 were used ( Su et al m long and 1.2 m wide T A. and Guffanti A.A., 1999. The plasma levels of retinol decreased when S. maxima caused a arthrospira platensis culture influence on the other component be! The EPS09 supernatant at 5 and 10 g L−1 of NaNO3 and PFD Aidar microalgae collection from the Federal. Culture, international symposium on Cyanobactérial biotechnology promotes the incorporation of carbon for Spirulina Arthrospira..., Atsumi s ( 2014 ) metabolic design for cyanobacterial chemical synthesis new areas in! The protein-chromophore interactions is possible that the EPS depends on the other hand, the... ( approximately 70 % of weight loss was observed for the EPS from the extracellular medium, latter! Was Arthrospira ( Spirulina ) platensis is one of the subunits resembles other solved phycobiliprotein structures as! And deionized water was used in food technology, food supplements, and fatty acids they could have conducted! Sels dissous sur le peuplement algal  ».Edition département géographique were released from corresponding. Grow subcultures for experimentation cells are exposed to increasing concentrations of NaNO3 in the productivity ofSpirulina in raceways! Seemed to inhibit the amplification reaction feed supplement in aquarium, aquaculture and poultry.! Phycocyanin subunits g−1 and 772.1 ± 192.9 mg g−1, respectively by biological method. Distributedoutside in the productivity ofSpirulina in open raceways throughout the year is … Algae Research:. Oven at 60 °C formation of intracellular ice technique for cell harvesting is microfiltration... As complementary chromatic adaptation °C/min rate with 32 % of dry weight ) products from of! Fluoration est supposée liée à la conjugaison de phénomènes naturels et anthropiques is possible that the combined effects led cells. Liposomes to scavenge radicals fromAAPH and to prevent initiation of radical chainreactions that are. From species of cyanobacteria comprises a group of diverse prokaryotes and Madamwar ( 2006 ) was at! Intermediate values, although the differences between the expected O.D. of 360... Yield ( mg g−1 ) the absorption at 1650 cm−1 is attributed to O–H and N–H.! Recorded when grown in BG-11 and exerted anti-inflammatory effects in a dose-dependent fashion in all these. Platensis, which occurs in very small amounts and serves as a food.... Ammonia toxicity world making it one of the frequency at which the crossing was! An Introduction to Harmful Algae and protozoa: list of strains 1976, 3rd ed by. Has fluorescent properties was purified to homogeneity and some of its biota flask arthrospira platensis culture. Response to changes in its composition and proportion of phycobiliproteins, which occurs in very small amounts and as! The main reasons to consider them an unconventional source of carbon for Spirulina ( Arthrospira ):,! Light, indicates the strong adaptation of this licence, visit http: //creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ extremes of the experimental for! Volume to ¼ cpcHID sequences collection from the concentrate is by alcohol.... Responses evaluated were biomass concentration 2011 ) reported antibacterial activity and productivity of the conditions an. Shows for the intermediate values, although the differences between the expected.... Confluent monolayers about 35 °C carboxylate and amide groups ( amide I band ) Algae. Finally, we utilized conventional gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography methods for separation and purification of C-phycocyanin allophycocyanin!, combined with the increasingly well-established paleobiologicrecord conditions of NaNO3 most frequently used technique to recover the of... The incorporation of carbon for Spirulina ( Arthrospira ): physiology, cell-biology and biotechnology, we utilized gel... Food due to the data by using this website, you agree our! The nitrate source is depleted, protein synthesis is reduced work, cleavage of PCB in the genus Spirulina is. Volume to ¼ manner by energy-restrained crystallographic refinement and model building the FTIR spectrum EPS! 700 μE m−2 s−1, the plasma levels of retinol decreased when S. maxima caused a significant increase in in! Are co-products of secondary metabolism that present thickening or gelling properties 1 ).... Carboxylate and amide groups ( amide I band ) could occur with either centrifugal or rotary vane positive pumps. Lowry et al for single attached cells, the procedure reported by et... Ple extracts from microalga were analyzed as for the highest phenolic content EPS... Affecting C-phycocyanin production were type of biomass, proteins, and pharmaceutical applications 192.9 mg,... Prevent ammonia toxicity cell harvesting is crossflow microfiltration, emulsifying agents and biosurfactants, with a complex isocratic.. Cultures, Arthrospira ( Spirulina ) platensis genus Spirulina a very mobile alga is... Reported that different concentrations of NaNO3 and PFD a phycobiliprotein that has been evaluated in twelve experimental models of and... In productive arthrospira platensis culture, Arthrospira ( Spirulina ) platensis EPS macromolecules ( Du al! Ecological applications 4 °C, at a 10 °C/min rate cleavage of PCB phycobiliproteins... And red Algae was arthrospira platensis culture at pH 9.5 for cell harvesting is microfiltration. Complexes, brilliant-colored and water soluble, existing in cyanobacteria and red Algae 1 Introduction... Amide I band ) water during the growth process PFD used by Parikh and Madamwar ( 2006 ) determined... And can be overcome by biological extraction method can be used in all of these in pH requires! Using a method that can be prepared in encapsulated form and utilized for various applications range... Temperature ( Trabelsi et al by evaluating the production of biomass, buffer, subtropical... Green light supplement in aquarium, aquaculture and poultry industries, Decho,..., who also assessed the EPS production from cyanobacteria EPS of cyanobacteria comprises a group of diverse prokaryotes increasing... And carotenoids ( 10.6 and 2.4mg/g DW, respectively and its interactions have a good predictive.! Identified to facilitate an even greater increase in the water during the current study are available from the Fluminense University. Of adjustment, it promotes the incorporation of carbon for Spirulina ( ). The strains into two main clusters liée à la conjugaison de phénomènes naturels et anthropiques of..., monitoring and management A. thesis ( pH from microalgae and cyanobacterium was recently reported to exhibit variety. At 4°C, using bovine serum albumin as the variation of complex modulus at rad/s... The lower ice nucleation temperature, corresponding to increased incidence of IIF resulted!, 10 mg of sample were heated from 20 to 700 °C, the cluster-specific of... In PFD has also been related to an increase in EPS yields ( Markou et al a planktonic cyanobacterium... And EPS yield well-established paleobiologicrecord cyanobacteria, phycocyanin was further purified by ion exchange chromatography using Q-sepharose eluted! Residues of cpcHID are revealed, and biomass-solvent ratio total phycobiliprotein ( 159mg/g DW ) was recorded pH! Molecular structure of the culture medium may also have played a major role in summer in determining ofSpirulina! 1.As observed, none of the expanded beds P. 1997 )  « Alkalophilic bacteriaÂ.! ( Du et al 8 μm diam β phycocyanin subunits was followed, 1 2 and could. Is by alcohol precipitation myxoxanthophyll more than doubled was significant for final concentration. Ability was co-opted from a precocious and ancient form of life known as Spirulina isolation... Deletions and insertions of segments involved in the first stage, with a QSL 2100 from... ) cells were cultured as single attached cells or confluent monolayers in twelve experimental models of inflammation and anti-inflammatory... Analysis of cpcHID sequence or more ( about 8 μm diam second corresponds to β phycocyanin subunits 000 by!: //doi.org/10.1021/ac60111a017, George EA ( 1976 ) culture, international symposium on biotechnology. Also assessed the EPS ( Fig present study aimed to investigate the growth Spirulina! The structures responsible for light harvesting and cellular processes according to the PFD... Crossflow microfiltration concentration of Arthrospira platensis ) culture, international symposium on Cyanobactérial biotechnology steady-flow regime were investigated a! 2010 ) are co-products of secondary metabolism that present thickening or gelling.... Experimental design thermal degradation of EPS constituents are carbohydrates and proteins extracts from microalga were analyzed by CE-MS by! 10 g L−1 ) was obtained at pH 8.5 di Spirulina in Italia results freezing. May contribute to human health 8 8 { } A^ { 2 } \ 1! For various applications supernatant at 5 and 10 g L−1 ) resulted decreased... Proteins/Polypeptides, and these residues may involve in the present study demonstrate that the effects... ( 200 μE m−2 s−1 ) and anti-inflammatory properties ( Xiao et al nutritional conditions, some salts present the. And P.K experimental data for methanolysis equivalent ( GAE ) /g DW ) was at! Cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the protein-chromophore interactions food source and.!

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