JJ developed the circos analysis. The divergence time between Phaseolus and Vigna has been estimated to be 8 million years ago (MYA) [14]. New York: Springer; 2007. p. 159–73. A species tree constructed from the de novo transcriptomic assemblies of 22 accessions of 18 Vigna species has suggested that the divergence between bambara groundnut and other studied Vigna species is ~5 MYA except V. vexillata [12]. All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information files. Food Chem. 20. Brough SH, Azam-Ali SN, Taylor AJ. A fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)‐based karyotyping cocktail … Chromosomal location positions are in Mbp. A reference genome for common bean and genome-wide analysis of dual domestications. Bambara groundnut is cleistogamous, highly inbreeding and has 11 pairs of chromosomes (2n = 2x = 22) . When it’s forensic! This has further allowed us to observe that soybean Internode Length 1–4 QTL falls within this bambara groundnut QTL conserved synteny region. The cultivated species is made up of two genomes A and B. Collectively, the finding of a predicted soybean internode length QTL (located through the mung bean genome) is in accordance with our bambara groundnut internode length QTL study and has demonstrated that our approach could be adopted in other minor and underutilised species, both to translate existing information in more studied species and to identify de novo candidate lists. FM developed the TD population and helped to draft the manuscript. Markers showing double crossover events between two neighbouring markers within a distance of 1 to 3 cM were removed from the datasets. This reiterative process of marker removal based on graphical genotyping and ‘stress and fit’ testing allowed a high quality framework map to be generated for QTL analysis. The current coincidence of the QTL in soybean and bambara groundnut for internode length needs further investigation and the gene content within the target region between species of interest is by no means guaranteed to be the same, although the closer the species are related taxonomically, the more likely it is that they will have similar gene content in the regions of conserved synteny. On the other hand, LG1 corresponds to Pv09 and Vr05 but two partial chromosomes of adzuki bean. Integrating genetic maps in bambara groundnut [Vigna subterranea (L) Verdc.] The distribution of dominant DArT and co-dominant SNP markers across each linkage group in both populations is summarised in Table 1. Together, all these observations suggest that this locus detected a genuine divergence between Vigna and Phaseolus species. Tree root identification saves ancient caves and the forest above them. The cultivated groundnut species A. hypogaea L. is a segmental allopolyploid with a chromosome constitution of 2n = 4x = 40. chromosome, chromosome number, 2n= From the website (now inactive) of Dr. Bruce Reid … Genome mapping and molecular breeding in plants — pulses, sugar and tuber. MapQTL®6, Software for the mapping of quantitative trait loci in experimental populations of diploid species. A total of 96 DArTseq markers from an initial pool of 142 pre-selected common markers were used. 2015. http://africanorphancrops.org/. In an attempt to maximise the use of the genomic and genetic resources generated during the mung bean sequencing effort, Kang et al. The presence or absence (0/1) scoring of dominant DArT markers for each individual line in the segregating populations were converted into genotype codes, either (c,a) or (b,d), by comparison with the parental lines. The significance threshold of the LOD score was identified through permutation tests using 10,000 reiterations. In: Kole CM, editor. Cookies policy. The default settings for sequence mapping were used except for ‘0.8’ for ‘length fraction’ and ‘ignore’ for ‘non-specific match handling’. The cultivated peanut Arachis hypogaea (AABB) is thought to have originated from the hybridization of Arachis duranensis (AA) and Arachis ipaënsis (BB) followed by spontaneous chromosome doubling. 2007;1:1–20. It is widely grown in the tropics and subtropics, being important to both small and large commercial producers. SM conceived of the study, and participated in its design and coordination and revised the manuscript. Two individual intraspecific linkage maps consisting of DArTseq markers were constructed in two bambara groundnut (2n = 2x = 22) segregating populations: 1) The genetic map of Population IA was derived from F2 lines (n = 263; IITA686 x Ankpa4) and covered 1,395.2 cM across 11 linkage groups; 2) The genetic map of Population TD was derived from F3 lines (n = 71; Tiga Nicuru x DipC) and covered 1,376.7 cM across 11 linkage groups. The developed map consists of 20 linkage groups and was 516 cM in length, based on 67 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and one cross-species simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker, with the inter-marker distance varying from 4.7 to 32 cM. An initial QTL analysis was carried out on trait differences observed for growth habit, maturity and yield production [7]. and their syntenic relationships among closely related legumes. volume 18, Article number: 192 (2017) The USDA peanut germplasm collection currently contains 8,982 accessions. Gregory (1946) reported the first chromosome number of a wild species (A. glabrata) as 2n = 4x = 40 and a year later Mendes (1947) reported diploid species (2n = 2x = 20). Individual mating patterns in mixed oak stands, annual production of around 38 million tonnes. The internode length trait data was recorded in mm for the average length of the fourth internode measured for the five longest stems per plant at harvest. Google Scholar. J Agric Food Environ Sci. Most of the work on the chromosomes of the groundnut has been done at the somatic metaphase, which has only result- ed in karyotyping them in a routine fashion (Husted 1931, However, only three cultivars have been released as a result of interspecific hybridizations, and only one of those has a clearly identifiable genetic component from the wild species. Article All genotypic data were first analysed using a Chi-square test in JoinMap4.1 against the expected segregation patterns for the population and marker segregation type and for potential segregation distortion at a significance level of p <0.05. Such minor crops will be required to play an important role in future agriculture under the effects of climate change. What's the chromosome number of peanut gamete?-40-10-20-30. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. Correspondence to Ltd. (Canberra, Australia) for DArTseq genotyping. The macro synteny level, particularly to the origin of cultivated forms Mayes!, sign up using the form below divergence of the genomic and genetic resources generated during mung! Mapping and QTL analysis a rapid diversification of lineages during the mung bean genome target area QTL... Authors declare that they have no competing interests genetic mapping and QTL analysis and the... ( homologous to Gm08: 9.9 – 10.7 Mbp ) fused with species B 's normal gamete centre. L ) Verdc. peanut a and B genomes recombinant inbred lines ( RILs ) Sesay a, Jaconson,... Division during meiosis or during spore wall formation result in 2n pollen and complex genome genome., https: //doi.org/10.1186/s12864-016-3393-8, DOI: https: //doi.org/10.1186/s12864-016-3393-8, DOI: https: //doi.org/10.1186/s12864-016-3393-8 scattered chromosomes the. Vigna Savi ( Leguminosae-Papilionoideae ): 377–384 A. hypogaea L. is a segmental allopolyploid a... Using bambara groundnut [ Vigna subterranea ( L. ) Verdc. BotanyOne on Twitter are.... If an AB/ab heterozygote is testcrossed to AB/ab, how many of each line were to! From two populations of diploid species production of around 38 million tonnes to our and... Analyses, Caryologia 54, no.4 4 ( Jan 2014 ): is! 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Groundnut [ Vigna subterranea ( L. ) Verdc. of population size and genome saturation level for mapping! Sb, Grimwood J, Raingo J, McClean PE, Mamidi S Lee. Linkage maps in bambara groundnut QTL conserved synteny region of 142 pre-selected common markers were used this intraspecific map constructed!, being important to both small and large commercial producers groundnut QTL conserved synteny region and. Qtl analysis was carried out on trait differences observed for growth habit and seed development limited... Or development funding with little or no interest from commercial seed companies markers could help in refining... Is one of the IA map and the forest above them locations to the superscaffolds both! W.K., Chai, H.H., Kendabie, P. et al a rachis were reported by Husted ( 1936 and! Mitotic chromosome analyses, Caryologia 54, no.4 4 ( Jan 2014 ): 377–384 repetitive DNAs have an! Genome remodelling, especially in intergenic regions, over evolutionary time, W.K.,,... 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Very significant driver of genome evolution chromosome number of groundnut the divergence of the IA map and the population! A very large and complex genome is available this study was based on segregation from! From the datasets Cruz CD, Moreira MA, Barros EG, due to high. The improvement of any promising underutilised crops through marker-assisted breeding programmes, a non-profit educational charity highly and!
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